Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 9 Nov 1980

The tilak is applied in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Dwitiya runs from 04:20 on Sun 9 Nov to 06:12 on Mon 10 Nov, so only Sunday’s aparahna (13:20–15:36) falls within it. No text giving Bhai Dooj’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Bhai Dooj: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:33 here. Pratipada ended at 04:20, before it. Dwitiya ends at 06:12 Mon, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 8 Nov, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 8 Nov ran from sunset 17:52 Sat to sunrise 06:33, 12 h 41 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:33 to 17:52, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:52 to 06:34 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Anuradha spans 213°20′–226°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 213°20′. It leaves at 03:11 Mon, for Jyeshtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 203.2° + 216.2° = 419.4°, one full turn and 59.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 19:47, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 17:18, when the lead reaches 18°; Kaulava until 06:12 Mon.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:33 to 06:34 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1980, 00:25 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 230.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2037; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1902.