Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 12 Aug 1979

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:08 here. Chaturthi ended at 18:57 Sat, before it. Panchami ends at 16:21, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 8 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sat 11 Aug ran from sunset 19:00 Sat to sunrise 06:08, 11 h 8 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:08 to 18:59, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:59 to 06:09 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Revati spans 346°40′–360°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 346°40′. It leaves at 23:51, for Ashwini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 115.2° + 349.5° = 464.7°, one full turn and 104.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 93°20′–106°40′ is the 8th, Dhriti. It ends at 09:19, then Shula.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 05:35, when the lead reached 234°; Taitila runs until 16:21.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:08 to 06:09 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 17 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 22 Aug, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 22 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, begins Bhadrapada. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Bhadrapada here, and Shravana in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 28 Mar 1979, 08:29 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 131.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2036; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1901.