Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 31 Oct 1978

Lakshmi Puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Amavasya runs from 02:35 on Tue 31 Oct to 01:36 on Wed 1 Nov, so only Tuesday’s pradosha (17:56–20:27) falls within it. Every reading takes that day.

Lakshmi Puja muhurat: pradosha, 17:56–20:27. Within it Vrishabha, a fixed (sthira) lagna, rises in the east from 18:48 to 20:27.

Diwali: every date in Pāthardi

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 02:35 on Tue 31 Oct to 01:36 on Wed 1 Nov, so it holds sunrise only on Tue 31 Oct, at 06:29. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:29 here. Chaturdashi ended at 02:35, before it. Amavasya ends at 01:36 Wed, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 16 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Mon 30 Oct ran from sunset 17:56 Mon to sunrise 06:29, 12 h 33 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:29 to 17:56, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:56 to 06:29 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 183°20′. It leaves at 11:46, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 193.7° + 183.7° = 377.4°, one full turn and 17.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 13°20′–26°40′ is the 2nd, Priti. It ends at 21:49, then Ayushmana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada runs until 14:10, when the lead reaches 354°; Nagava until 01:36 Wed.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:29 to 06:29 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 1 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1978, 20:45 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 199.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2035; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1900.