Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 2 Jul 1978

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 08:50 on Sun 2 Jul to 10:48 on Mon 3 Jul, so only Sunday’s pradosha (19:11–21:19) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:54 here. Ekadashi ended at 07:11 Sat, before it. Dwadashi ends at 08:50, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 21 Jun, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sat 1 Jul ran from sunset 19:10 Sat to sunrise 05:54, 10 h 44 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 42 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:54 to 19:11, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 39 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:11 to 05:55 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 20 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Krittika spans 26°40′–40°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 36°40′. It leaves at 08:09, for Rohini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 76.2° + 38.9° = 115.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 14:56, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 19:58 Sat, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 08:50.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:54 to 05:55 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishabha gives Jyeshtha. The Sun enters Mithuna on 15 Jun, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Jul, finds it in Mithuna and begins Ashadha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 5 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, begins Ashadha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashadha here, and Jyeshtha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1978, 20:45 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 82.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2035; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1900.