Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 21 Feb 1978

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 156°–168° is the 14th, Shukla Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:54 here. Trayodashi ended at 04:21, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 05:52 Wed, when the lead reaches 168°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Feb, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Mon 20 Feb ran from sunset 18:31 Mon to sunrise 06:54, 12 h 23 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:54 to 18:31, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:31 to 06:53 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Pushya spans 93°20′–106°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 103°20′. It leaves at 08:49, for Ashlesha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 308.5° + 105.7° = 414.2°, one full turn and 54.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 05:22 Wed, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 17:10, when the lead reaches 162°; Vanija until 05:52 Wed.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:54 to 06:53 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 12 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 9 Mar, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Feb, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 1977, 00:02 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 333° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2034; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1899.