Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 12 Nov 1977

The tilak is applied in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Dwitiya runs from 09:10 on Sat 12 Nov to 05:36 on Sun 13 Nov, so only Saturday’s aparahna (13:20–15:36) falls within it. No text giving Bhai Dooj’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Bhai Dooj: every date in Pāthardi

Govardhan Puja is done in pratahkala, the first fifth of the day. Pratipada runs from 12:39 on Fri 11 Nov to 09:10 on Sat 12 Nov, so only Saturday’s pratahkala (06:35–08:50) falls within it. No text giving Govardhan Puja’s time was found; pratahkala is Tithika’s convention.

Govardhan Puja: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:35 here. Amavasya ended at 12:39 Fri, before it. Pratipada ends at 09:10, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 11 Nov, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 09:10 and ended at 05:36 Sun, between the sunrises of 06:35 and 06:35 Sun. Saturday reads Pratipada and Sunday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Fri 11 Nov ran from sunset 17:51 Fri to sunrise 06:35, 12 h 44 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:35 to 17:51, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:51 to 06:35 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Anuradha spans 213°20′–226°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 213°20′. It leaves at 22:47, for Jyeshtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 206° + 216.5° = 422.5°, one full turn and 62.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 12:51, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 22:56 Fri, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 09:10.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:35 to 06:35 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 10 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 11 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 1977, 00:02 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 230.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2034; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1899.