Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 29 Aug 1973

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:13 here. Amavasya ended at 08:55 Tue, before it. Pratipada ends at 06:48, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 28 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 06:48 and ended at 05:11 Thu, between the sunrises of 06:13 and 06:13 Thu. Wednesday reads Pratipada and Thursday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Tue 28 Aug ran from sunset 18:47 Tue to sunrise 06:13, 11 h 26 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:13 to 18:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:46 to 06:13 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 143°20′. It leaves at 11:15, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 132.1° + 143.7° = 275.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 266°40′–280°00′ is the 21st, Siddha. It ends at 13:00, then Sadhya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 19:48 Tue, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 06:48.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:13 to 06:13 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 26 Sep, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 28 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 3 Apr 1973, 17:15 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 142° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2030; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1895.