Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Fri 9 Mar 1973

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:42 here. Chaturthi ended at 22:28 Thu, before it. Panchami ends at 20:15, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 5 Mar, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Thu 8 Mar ran from sunset 18:36 Thu to sunrise 06:42, 12 h 6 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:42 to 18:37, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:37 to 06:42 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Bharani spans 13°20′–26°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 16°40′. It leaves at 22:22, for Krittika.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 324.8° + 17.4° = 342.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 333°20′–346°40′ is the 26th, Indra. It ends at 13:42, then Vaidhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 09:22, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 20:15.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:42 to 06:42 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 14 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 3 Apr, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 5 Mar, with the Sun in Kumbha, began Phalguna. This Shukla paksha reads Phalguna in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 1972, 17:04 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 353.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2029; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1894.