Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 13 Apr 1972

The Sun enters Mesha at 13:00, between sunrise (06:13) and sunset (18:46): Thu 13 Apr. No text giving Mesha Sankranti’s time was found; sankranti is Tithika’s convention.

Mesha Sankranti: every date in Pāthardi

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 05:50 on Thu 13 Apr to 02:00 on Fri 14 Apr, so it holds sunrise only on Thu 13 Apr, at 06:13. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:13 here. Chaturdashi ended at 05:50, before it. Amavasya ends at 02:00 Fri, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 30 Mar, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Wed 12 Apr ran from sunset 18:45 Wed to sunrise 06:13, 11 h 28 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:13 to 18:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:46 to 06:12 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Revati spans 346°40′–360°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 346°40′. It leaves at 01:10 Fri, for Ashwini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 359.7° + 348° = 707.7°, one full turn and 347.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 00:26 Fri, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada runs until 15:56, when the lead reaches 354°; Nagava until 02:00 Fri.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:13 to 06:12 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 13 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 14 Apr, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, begins Vaishakha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Vaishakha here, and Chaitra in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 1972, 17:04 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 28.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2029; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1894.