Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 20 Jan 1972

Saraswati Puja is done in purvahna, the first half of the day. Panchami runs from 10:25 on Thu 20 Jan to 08:21 on Fri 21 Jan, touching purvahna on both mornings. The Nirnayasindhu takes the morning it holds more of: Thu 20 Jan. No text giving Vasant Panchami’s time was found; purvahna is Tithika’s convention.

Vasant Panchami: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:05 here. Tritiya ended at 12:20 Wed, before it. Chaturthi ends at 10:25, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 16 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Wed 19 Jan ran from sunset 18:13 Wed to sunrise 07:05, 12 h 52 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:05 to 18:14, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:14 to 07:05 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 320°. It leaves at 02:40 Fri, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 275.6° + 321.8° = 597.4°, one full turn and 237.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 11:10, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 23:24 Wed, when the lead reached 42°; Vishti runs until 10:25.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:05 to 07:05 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 13 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 15 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 27 Mar 1971, 00:53 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 293.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2028; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1893.