Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 22 Aug 1971

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:11 here. Amavasya ended at 04:23 Sat, before it. Pratipada ends at 06:15, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 21 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Pratipada began at 04:23 Sat, before sunrise at 06:11 Sat, and ends at 06:15, after the next sunrise at 06:11. Both days read Pratipada: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sat 21 Aug ran from sunset 18:53 Sat to sunrise 06:11, 11 h 18 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:11 to 18:52, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:52 to 06:11 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 136°40′. It leaves at 01:58 Mon, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 124.8° + 136.8° = 261.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 253°20′–266°40′ is the 20th, Shiva. It ends at 15:32, then Siddha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 17:16 Sat, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 06:15.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:11 to 06:11 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 17 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 19 Sep, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 21 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 27 Mar 1971, 00:53 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 142.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2028; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1893.