Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 19 Jul 1966

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:00 here. Amavasya ended at 10:00 Mon, before it. Pratipada ends at 06:47, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 18 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 06:47 and ended at 03:25 Wed, between the sunrises of 06:00 and 06:01 Wed. Tuesday reads Pratipada and Wednesday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Mon 18 Jul ran from sunset 19:09 Mon to sunrise 06:00, 10 h 51 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:00 to 19:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:09 to 06:01 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Pushya spans 93°20′–106°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 103°20′. It leaves at 10:12, for Ashlesha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 92.5° + 104.1° = 196.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 11:10, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 20:25 Mon, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 06:47.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:00 to 06:01 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 18 Jul 10:00 Mon to 16 Aug 17:17 Tue the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 16 Aug 22:58 Tue, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 18 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 1966, 10:16 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 114.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2023; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1888.