Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 30 Oct 1963

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 05:56 on Wed 30 Oct to 02:48 on Thu 31 Oct, so only Wednesday’s pradosha (17:57–20:27) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:28 here. Dwadashi ended at 05:56, before it. Trayodashi ends at 02:48 Thu, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Tue 29 Oct ran from sunset 17:57 Tue to sunrise 06:28, 12 h 31 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:28 to 17:57, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:57 to 06:28 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Bhadrapada spans 333°20′–346°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 336°40′. It leaves at 22:26, for Revati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 192.5° + 336.8° = 529.3°, one full turn and 169.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 160°00′–173°20′ is the 13th, Vyaghata. It ends at 12:31, then Harshana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 16:26, when the lead reaches 150°; Taitila until 02:48 Thu.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:28 to 06:28 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Oct 18:12 Thu to 16 Nov 12:20 Sat the Sun stayed in Tula, entering Vrishchika at 16 Nov 16:09 Sat, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Kartika, before Kartika itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Kartika (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 25 Mar 1963, 17:39 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 211.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2020; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1885.