Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 14 Jan 1963

The Sun enters Makara at 11:20, between sunrise (07:05) and sunset (18:10). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Mon 14 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:05 here. Chaturthi ended at 06:10, before it. Panchami ends at 08:01 Tue, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 10 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 06:10, before sunrise at 07:05, and ends at 08:01 Tue, after the next sunrise at 07:05 Tue. Both days read Panchami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sun 13 Jan ran from sunset 18:09 Sun to sunrise 07:05, 12 h 56 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:05 to 18:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:10 to 07:05 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 136°40′. It leaves at 23:39, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.8° + 138.3° = 408.1°, one full turn and 48.1°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 40°00′–53°20′ is the 4th, Saubhagya. It ends at 16:37, then Shobhana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 19:01, when the lead reaches 234°; Taitila until 08:01 Tue.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:05 to 07:05 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 25 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 25 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 5 Apr 1962, 01:14 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 278.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2019; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1884.