Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 13 Jun 1961

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 10:01 on Mon 12 Jun to 10:46 on Tue 13 Jun, so it holds sunrise only on Tue 13 Jun, at 05:50. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:50 here. Chaturdashi ended at 10:01 Mon, before it. Amavasya ends at 10:46, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 30 May, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Mon 12 Jun ran from sunset 19:07 Mon to sunrise 05:50, 10 h 43 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 42 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:50 to 19:07, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 39 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:07 to 05:50 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 20 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 53°20′. It leaves at 02:17 Wed, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 58.4° + 56.1° = 114.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 15:38, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada ended at 22:20 Mon, when the lead reached 354°; Nagava runs until 10:46.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:50 to 05:50 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 14 May 22:24 Sun to 13 Jun 10:46 the Sun stayed in Vrishabha, entering Mithuna at 14 Jun 20:59 Wed, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Jyeshtha, before Jyeshtha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 13 Jun, with the Sun in Vrishabha, begins Jyeshtha (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Jyeshtha (Adhik) here, and Jyeshtha (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1961, 00:20 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 85.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2018; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1883.