Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 12 Apr 1956

Vikram Samvat 2013 begins on the day Chaitra Shukla Pratipada holds sunrise: Thu 12 Apr, at 06:14. Pratipada lasts until 06:40.

Nav Samvatsar: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:14 here. Amavasya ended at 08:08 Wed, before it. Pratipada ends at 06:40, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 11 Apr, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 06:40 and ended at 04:53 Fri, between the sunrises of 06:14 and 06:13 Fri. Thursday reads Pratipada and Friday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Wed 11 Apr ran from sunset 18:45 Wed to sunrise 06:14, 11 h 29 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:14 to 18:45, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:45 to 06:13 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 10°. It leaves at 10:57, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 358.8° + 10.6° = 369.4°, one full turn and 9.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 12:30, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 19:27 Wed, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 06:40.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:14 to 06:13 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 13 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 10 May, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 11 Apr, with the Sun in Meena, began Chaitra. This Shukla paksha reads Chaitra in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 11 Apr 1956, 08:08 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 0.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2013; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1878.