Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 14 Sep 1955

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 14:27 on Wed 14 Sep to 12:56 on Thu 15 Sep, so only Wednesday night’s nishitha (00:01 Thu–00:48 Thu) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:16 here. Dwadashi ended at 16:14 Tue, before it. Trayodashi ends at 14:27, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Tue 13 Sep ran from sunset 18:34 Tue to sunrise 06:16, 11 h 42 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:16 to 18:33, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:33 to 06:16 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashlesha spans 106°40′–120°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 116°40′. It leaves at 08:21, for Magha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 147.2° + 118.8° = 266°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 253°20′–266°40′ is the 20th, Shiva. It ends at 07:21, then Siddha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 03:19, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 14:27.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:16 to 06:16 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 18 Aug 01:28 Thu to 16 Sep 11:49 Fri the Sun stayed in Simha, entering Kanya at 17 Sep 03:16 Sat, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Bhadrapada, before Bhadrapada itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, begins Bhadrapada (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Bhadrapada (Adhik) here, and Bhadrapada (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 1955, 09:12 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 167.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2012; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1877.