Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Fri 9 Oct 1953

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:21 here. Amavasya ended at 06:10 Thu, before it. Pratipada ends at 08:28, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 8 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Pratipada began at 06:10 Thu, before sunrise at 06:21 Thu, and ends at 08:28, after the next sunrise at 06:21. Both days read Pratipada: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Thu 8 Oct ran from sunset 18:12 Thu to sunrise 06:21, 12 h 9 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:21 to 18:11, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:11 to 06:21 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 180°. It leaves at 13:11, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 172.2° + 183.3° = 355.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 14:43, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 19:21 Thu, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 08:28.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:21 to 06:21 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 1953, 16:34 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 200.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2010; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1875.