Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 12 Jul 1950

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 06:50 on Wed 12 Jul to 08:33 on Thu 13 Jul, so only Wednesday’s pradosha (19:10–21:20) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:58 here. Ekadashi ended at 04:43 Tue, before it. Dwadashi ends at 06:50, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 30 Jun, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwadashi began at 04:43 Tue, before sunrise at 05:57 Tue, and ends at 06:50, after the next sunrise at 05:58. Both days read Dwadashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Tue 11 Jul ran from sunset 19:10 Tue to sunrise 05:58, 10 h 48 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:58 to 19:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 39 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:10 to 05:58 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 46°40′. It leaves at 13:31, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 85.9° + 49.5° = 135.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 02:30 Thu, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 17:49 Tue, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 06:50.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:58 to 05:58 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 15 Jun 21:22 Thu to 15 Jul 10:35 Sat the Sun stayed in Mithuna, entering Karka at 16 Jul 12:11 Sun, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashadha, before Ashadha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, begins Ashadha (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashadha (Adhik) here, and Ashadha (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 18 Mar 1950, 20:50 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 111.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2007; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1872.