Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Fri 1 Jul 1949

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:54 here. Chaturthi ended at 09:09 Thu, before it. Panchami ends at 07:02, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 26 Jun, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Shashthi began at 07:02 and ended at 04:52 Sat, between the sunrises of 05:54 and 05:54 Sat. Friday reads Panchami and Saturday reads Saptami: Shashthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Thu 30 Jun ran from sunset 19:10 Thu to sunrise 05:54, 10 h 44 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 42 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:54 to 19:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 39 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:10 to 05:54 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 20 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 133°20′. It leaves at 01:35 Sat, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 75.7° + 135.1° = 210.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 200°00′–213°20′ is the 16th, Siddhi. It ends at 10:00, then Vyatipata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 20:06 Thu, when the lead reached 54°; Balava runs until 07:02.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:54 to 05:54 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 26 Jul, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 26 Jun, with the Sun in Mithuna, began Ashadha. This Shukla paksha reads Ashadha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 29 Mar 1949, 20:40 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 90.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2006; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1871.