Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 20 Jul 1948

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 156°–168° is the 14th, Shukla Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:01 here. Trayodashi ended at 04:58 Mon, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 06:20, when the lead reaches 168°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 04:58 Mon, before sunrise at 06:00 Mon, and ends at 06:20, after the next sunrise at 06:01. Both days read Chaturdashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Mon 19 Jul ran from sunset 19:09 Mon to sunrise 06:01, 10 h 52 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:01 to 19:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:09 to 06:01 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 260°. It leaves at 15:22, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 94.1° + 261.9° = 356°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 13:22, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 17:36 Mon, when the lead reached 162°; Vanija runs until 06:20.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:01 to 06:01 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 15 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Aug, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, began Ashadha. This Shukla paksha reads Ashadha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 9 Apr 1948, 18:46 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 97.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2005; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1870.