Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 14 Aug 1947

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 03:30 on Thu 14 Aug to 00:00 on Fri 15 Aug, so only Thursday’s pradosha (18:58–21:12) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 00:00 on Fri 15 Aug to 20:20 on Fri 15 Aug, so only Thursday night’s nishitha (00:11 Fri–00:56 Fri) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:09 here. Dwadashi ended at 03:30, before it. Trayodashi ends at 00:00 Fri, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Wed 13 Aug ran from sunset 18:58 Wed to sunrise 06:09, 11 h 11 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:09 to 18:58, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:58 to 06:09 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Punarvasu spans 80°00′–93°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 80°. It leaves at 22:57, for Pushya.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 117.3° + 82.8° = 200.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 200°00′–213°20′ is the 16th, Siddhi. It ends at 02:02 Fri, then Vyatipata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 13:47, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 00:00 Fri.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:09 to 06:09 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 18 Jul 09:45 Fri to 16 Aug 16:42 Sat the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 17 Aug 02:12 Sun, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) here, and Shravana (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 1947, 22:04 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 139.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2004; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1869.