Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 4 Jan 1947

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 21:00 on Sat 4 Jan to 17:37 on Sun 5 Jan, between the two evenings’ pradosha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Sat 4 Jan. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:03 here. Ekadashi ended at 00:00, before it. Dwadashi ends at 21:00, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 23 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Fri 3 Jan ran from sunset 18:03 Fri to sunrise 07:03, 13 h 0 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 52 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:03 to 18:04, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:04 to 07:03 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Krittika spans 26°40′–40°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 33°20′. It leaves at 13:59, for Rohini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 259.7° + 35.7° = 295.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 293°20′–306°40′ is the 23rd, Shubha. It ends at 00:01 Sun, then Shukla.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 10:34, when the lead reaches 138°; Balava until 21:00.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:03 to 07:03 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 22 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 23 Dec, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 2 Apr 1946, 10:07 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 271° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2003; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1868.