Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 12 Apr 1945

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 22:55 on Wed 11 Apr to 18:59 on Thu 12 Apr, so it holds sunrise only on Thu 12 Apr, at 07:14. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:14 here. Chaturdashi ended at 22:55 Wed, before it. Amavasya ends at 18:59, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 29 Mar, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Wed 11 Apr ran from sunset 19:45 Wed to sunrise 07:14, 11 h 29 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:14 to 19:45, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:45 to 07:13 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Revati spans 346°40′–360°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 350°. It leaves at 20:20, for Ashwini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 358.7° + 351.6° = 710.3°, one full turn and 350.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 21:30, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada runs until 08:58, when the lead reaches 354°; Nagava until 18:59.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:14 to 07:13 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 14 Mar 10:20 Wed to 12 Apr 18:59 the Sun stayed in Meena, entering Mesha at 13 Apr 15:59 Fri, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Chaitra, before Chaitra itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 12 Apr, with the Sun in Meena, begins Chaitra (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Chaitra (Adhik) here, and Chaitra (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 14 Mar 1945, 10:20 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 28.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2002; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1867.