Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 17 Sep 1944

The shraddha for all ancestors is done in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Amavasya runs from 16:36 on Sat 16 Sep to 19:07 on Sun 17 Sep, touching aparahna on both days. The Nirnayasindhu takes the day it holds more of: Sun 17 Sep. No text giving Sarva Pitru Amavasya’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Sarva Pitru Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 16:36 on Sat 16 Sep to 19:07 on Sun 17 Sep, so it holds sunrise only on Sun 17 Sep, at 07:16. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:16 here. Chaturdashi ended at 16:36 Sat, before it. Amavasya ends at 19:07, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 3 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sat 16 Sep ran from sunset 19:31 Sat to sunrise 07:16, 11 h 45 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:16 to 19:30, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:30 to 07:17 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 143°20′. It leaves at 09:31, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 150.9° + 145.6° = 296.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 293°20′–306°40′ is the 23rd, Shubha. It ends at 02:21 Mon, then Shukla.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada ended at 05:51, when the lead reached 354°; Nagava runs until 19:07.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:16 to 07:17 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 17 Sep, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Sep, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 1944, 18:06 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 170.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2001; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1866.