Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 22 Aug 1944

Ganesha’s puja is done at madhyahna, the middle fifth of the day. Chaturthi runs from 10:12 on Tue 22 Aug to 12:36 on Wed 23 Aug, touching madhyahna on both days. When it does, the Dharmasindhu takes the earlier day: Tue 22 Aug.

Ganesh Chaturthi: every date in Pāthardi

Hartalika Teej’s puja is done in pratahkala, the first fifth of the day. Tritiya runs from 07:43 on Mon 21 Aug to 10:12 on Tue 22 Aug, touching pratahkala on both mornings. The Nirnayasindhu takes the morning it holds more of: Tue 22 Aug. No text giving Hartalika Teej’s time was found; pratahkala is Tithika’s convention.

Hartalika Teej: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 24°–36° is the 3rd, Shukla Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:11 here. Dwitiya ended at 07:43 Mon, before it. Tritiya ends at 10:12, when the lead reaches 36°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 19 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Mon 21 Aug ran from sunset 19:52 Mon to sunrise 07:11, 11 h 19 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:11 to 19:52, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:52 to 07:11 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Hasta spans 160°00′–173°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 160°. It leaves at 09:27 Wed, for Chitra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 125.7° + 160.3° = 286°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 20:49, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 20:58 Mon, when the lead reached 30°; Garaja runs until 10:12.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:11 to 07:11 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 17 Sep, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 19 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 1944, 18:06 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 145.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2001; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1866.