Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 29 Jan 1944

Saraswati Puja is done in purvahna, the first half of the day. Panchami runs from 08:13 on Sat 29 Jan to 05:35 on Sun 30 Jan, so it touches only Saturday’s purvahna (08:04–13:42). No text giving Vasant Panchami’s time was found; purvahna is Tithika’s convention.

Vasant Panchami: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 08:04 here. Tritiya ended at 11:19 Fri, before it. Chaturthi ends at 08:13, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 25 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 08:13 and ended at 05:35 Sun, between the sunrises of 08:04 and 08:04 Sun. Saturday reads Chaturthi and Sunday reads Shashthi: Panchami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Fri 28 Jan ran from sunset 19:19 Fri to sunrise 08:04, 12 h 45 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 08:04 to 19:19, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:19 to 08:04 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 330°. It leaves at 08:50, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 285° + 332.9° = 617.9°, one full turn and 257.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 253°20′–266°40′ is the 20th, Shiva. It ends at 21:41, then Siddha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 21:43 Fri, when the lead reached 42°; Vishti runs until 08:13.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 08:04 to 08:04 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 13 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 24 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 25 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 5 Apr 1943, 04:22 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 293.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2000; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1865.