Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 24 Jan 1944

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 04:26 on Mon 24 Jan to 01:19 on Tue 25 Jan, so it touches only Monday night’s nishitha (01:15 Tue–02:06 Tue). No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 08:05 here. Trayodashi ended at 04:26, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 01:19 Tue, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 10 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 23 Jan ran from sunset 19:16 Sun to sunrise 08:05, 12 h 49 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 08:05 to 19:16, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:16 to 08:05 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 256°40′. It leaves at 22:12, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 279.9° + 258° = 537.9°, one full turn and 177.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 173°20′–186°40′ is the 14th, Harshana. It ends at 21:30, then Vajra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti runs until 14:56, when the lead reaches 342°; Shakuni until 01:19 Tue.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 08:05 to 08:05 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 25 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 25 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 5 Apr 1943, 04:22 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 288.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2000; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1865.