Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 31 May 1942

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 180°–192° is the 16th, Krishna Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:50 here. Purnima ended at 10:58 Sat, before it. Pratipada ends at 07:02, when the lead reaches 192°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 30 May, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 07:02 and ended at 03:11 Mon, between the sunrises of 05:50 and 05:50 Mon. Sunday reads Pratipada and Monday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 30 May ran from sunset 19:02 Sat to sunrise 05:50, 10 h 48 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:50 to 19:02, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 39 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:02 to 05:50 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Jyeshtha spans 226°40′–240°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 236°40′. It leaves at 10:17, for Mula.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 45.9° + 237.2° = 283.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 21:03, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 21:00 Sat, when the lead reached 186°; Kaulava runs until 07:02.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:50 to 05:50 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 15 May 11:15 Fri to 14 Jun 02:31 Sun the Sun stayed in Vrishabha, entering Mithuna at 15 Jun 00:06 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Jyeshtha, before Jyeshtha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Jun, with the Sun in Vrishabha, begins Jyeshtha (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Jyeshtha (Adhik) here, and Jyeshtha (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1942, 06:19 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 73.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1999; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1864.