Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 27 May 1942

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 21:34 on Wed 27 May to 18:26 on Thu 28 May, between the two evenings’ pradosha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Wed 27 May. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:51 here. Ekadashi ended at 00:05, before it. Dwadashi ends at 21:34, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 15 May, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Tue 26 May ran from sunset 19:00 Tue to sunrise 05:51, 10 h 51 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:51 to 19:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:01 to 05:51 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 176°40′. It leaves at 21:33, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 42° + 177.2° = 219.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 17:25, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 10:54, when the lead reaches 138°; Balava until 21:34.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:51 to 05:51 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 15 May 11:15 Fri to 14 Jun 02:31 Sun the Sun stayed in Vrishabha, entering Mithuna at 15 Jun 00:06 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Jyeshtha, before Jyeshtha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, began Jyeshtha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Jyeshtha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1942, 06:19 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 69.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1999; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1864.