Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 30 Oct 1940

Lakshmi Puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Amavasya runs from 07:10 on Wed 30 Oct to 03:32 on Thu 31 Oct, so only Wednesday’s pradosha (17:56–20:27) falls within it. Every reading takes that day.

Lakshmi Puja muhurat: pradosha, 17:56–20:27. Within it Vrishabha, a fixed (sthira) lagna, rises in the east from 18:50 to 20:27.

Diwali: every date in Pāthardi

The abhyanga bath is taken in arunodaya, the 96 minutes before sunrise. Chaturdashi runs from 10:45 on Tue 29 Oct to 07:10 on Wed 30 Oct, so only Wednesday’s arunodaya (04:52–06:28) falls within it. No text giving Narak Chaturdashi’s time was found; arunodaya is Tithika’s convention.

Narak Chaturdashi: every date in Pāthardi

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya begins at 07:10 on Wed 30 Oct, after that sunrise, and ends at 03:32 on Thu 31 Oct, before the next: it holds no sunrise. A tithi that holds no sunrise is kept on the day it is current: Wed 30 Oct. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:28 here. Trayodashi ended at 10:45 Tue, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 07:10, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 16 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Amavasya began at 07:10 and ended at 03:32 Thu, between the sunrises of 06:28 and 06:29 Thu. Wednesday reads Chaturdashi and Thursday reads Pratipada: Amavasya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Tue 29 Oct ran from sunset 17:57 Tue to sunrise 06:28, 12 h 31 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:28 to 17:56, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:56 to 06:29 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 180°. It leaves at 15:25, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 193.4° + 181° = 374.4°, one full turn and 14.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 13°20′–26°40′ is the 2nd, Priti. It ends at 00:38 Thu, then Ayushmana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti ended at 20:59 Tue, when the lead reached 342°; Shakuni runs until 07:10.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:28 to 06:29 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 31 Oct, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 31 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 8 Apr 1940, 01:48 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 198.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1997; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1862.