Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 10 Aug 1940

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 72°–84° is the 7th, Shukla Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:08 here. Shashthi ended at 08:29 Fri, before it. Saptami ends at 06:24, when the lead reaches 84°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 4 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Ashtami began at 06:24 and ended at 04:42 Sun, between the sunrises of 06:08 and 06:08 Sun. Saturday reads Saptami and Sunday reads Navami: Ashtami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Fri 9 Aug ran from sunset 19:00 Fri to sunrise 06:08, 11 h 8 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:08 to 19:00, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:00 to 06:08 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 196°40′. It leaves at 09:28, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 114.2° + 198.1° = 312.3°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 18:37, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 19:24 Fri, when the lead reached 78°; Vanija runs until 06:24.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:08 to 06:08 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 16 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 2 Sep, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana. This Shukla paksha reads Shravana in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 8 Apr 1940, 01:48 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 119.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1997; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1862.