Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 17 Apr 1939

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 19:38 on Sun 16 Apr to 20:58 on Mon 17 Apr, touching pradosha on both evenings. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening it holds more of: Mon 17 Apr. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 20:58 on Mon 17 Apr to 21:47 on Tue 18 Apr, so only Monday night’s nishitha (00:05 Tue–00:51 Tue) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:11 here. Dwadashi ended at 19:38 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 20:58, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 4 Apr, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 16 Apr ran from sunset 18:46 Sun to sunrise 06:11, 11 h 25 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:11 to 18:47, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:47 to 06:10 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 330°. It leaves at 08:38, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 3.1° + 332.1° = 335.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 333°20′–346°40′ is the 26th, Indra. It ends at 02:45 Tue, then Vaidhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 08:22, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 20:58.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:11 to 06:10 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 14 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 19 Apr, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 19 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, begins Vaishakha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Vaishakha here, and Chaitra in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 1939, 07:19 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 26.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1996; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1861.