Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 15 Nov 1936

The tilak is applied in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Dwitiya began at 12:36 on Sun 15 Nov, before that day’s aparahna, and ended at 14:48 on Mon 16 Nov, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the day Dwitiya fills: Sun 15 Nov. No text giving Bhai Dooj’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Bhai Dooj: every date in Pāthardi

Govardhan Puja is done in pratahkala, the first fifth of the day. Pratipada runs from 10:11 on Sat 14 Nov to 12:36 on Sun 15 Nov, so only Sunday’s pratahkala (06:36–08:51) falls within it. No text giving Govardhan Puja’s time was found; pratahkala is Tithika’s convention.

Govardhan Puja: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:36 here. Amavasya ended at 10:11 Sat, before it. Pratipada ends at 12:36, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 14 Nov, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 14 Nov ran from sunset 17:51 Sat to sunrise 06:36, 12 h 45 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:36 to 17:50, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:50 to 06:37 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Anuradha spans 213°20′–226°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 216°40′. It leaves at 22:25, for Jyeshtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 209.5° + 218.8° = 428.3°, one full turn and 68.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 66°40′–80°00′ is the 6th, Atiganda. It ends at 04:14 Mon, then Sukarma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 23:25 Sat, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 12:36.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:36 to 06:37 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 15 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 14 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 23 Mar 1936, 09:43 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 230.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1993; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1858.