Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 30 Aug 1936

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 01:08 on Sun 30 Aug to 23:24 on Sun 30 Aug, so only Sunday’s pradosha (18:45–21:03) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:13 here. Dwadashi ended at 01:08, before it. Trayodashi ends at 23:24, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 29 Aug ran from sunset 18:46 Sat to sunrise 06:13, 11 h 27 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:13 to 18:45, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:45 to 06:13 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shravana spans 280°00′–293°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 280°. It leaves at 04:45 Mon, for Dhanishtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 133.5° + 280.2° = 413.7°, one full turn and 53.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 03:05 Mon, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 12:22, when the lead reaches 150°; Taitila until 23:24.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:13 to 06:13 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Aug 08:50 Mon to 15 Sep 23:11 Tue the Sun stayed in Simha, entering Kanya at 16 Sep 06:31 Wed, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Bhadrapada, before Bhadrapada itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 23 Mar 1936, 09:43 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 154.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1993; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1858.