Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 24 Dec 1934

The Sankashti fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 08:30 on Mon 24 Dec to 11:11 on Tue 25 Dec, so it holds moonrise only on Mon 24 Dec, at 21:01. No text giving Sankashti Chaturthi’s time was found; moonrise is Tithika’s convention.

Sankashti Chaturthi: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 204°–216° is the 18th, Krishna Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:59 here. Dwitiya ended at 06:04 Sun, before it. Tritiya ends at 08:30, when the lead reaches 216°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 21 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Tritiya began at 06:04 Sun, before sunrise at 06:58 Sun, and ends at 08:30, after the next sunrise at 06:59. Both days read Tritiya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sun 23 Dec ran from sunset 17:57 Sun to sunrise 06:59, 13 h 2 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 52 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:59 to 17:57, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:57 to 06:59 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Pushya spans 93°20′–106°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 103°20′. It leaves at 12:33, for Ashlesha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 248.6° + 103.9° = 352.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 20:57, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 19:15 Sun, when the lead reached 210°; Vishti runs until 08:30.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:59 to 06:59 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 5 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 1934, 17:38 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 277.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1991; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1856.