Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 24 Apr 1934

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 108°–120° is the 10th, Shukla Dashami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:06 here. Navami ended at 18:21 Mon, before it. Dashami ends at 20:07, when the lead reaches 120°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 14 Apr, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Mon 23 Apr ran from sunset 18:48 Mon to sunrise 06:06, 11 h 18 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:06 to 18:49, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:49 to 06:05 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 123°20′. It leaves at 01:05 Wed, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 10.2° + 123.6° = 133.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 05:19 Wed, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dashami is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila runs until 07:18, when the lead reaches 114°; Garaja until 20:07.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:06 to 06:05 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 14 Apr 05:26 Sat to 13 May 18:00 Sun the Sun stayed in Mesha, entering Vrishabha at 14 May 16:15 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Vaishakha, before Vaishakha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, began Vaishakha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Vaishakha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 1934, 17:38 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 38.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1991; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1856.