Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 14 Jan 1930

The Sun enters Makara at 00:05, in the night after sunset (18:10 Mon). The Dharmasindhu then puts the punya kala on the next day: Tue 14 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Pāthardi

Purnima follows the tithi at sunrise. Purnima begins at 07:45 on Tue 14 Jan, after that sunrise, and ends at 03:50 on Wed 15 Jan, before the next: it holds no sunrise. A tithi that holds no sunrise is kept on the day it is current: Tue 14 Jan. No text giving Purnima’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Purnima: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 156°–168° is the 14th, Shukla Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:05 here. Trayodashi ended at 11:26 Mon, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 07:45, when the lead reaches 168°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 31 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Purnima began at 07:45 and ended at 03:50 Wed, between the sunrises of 07:05 and 07:05 Wed. Tuesday reads Chaturdashi and Wednesday reads Pratipada: Purnima is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Mon 13 Jan ran from sunset 18:10 Mon to sunrise 07:05, 12 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:05 to 18:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:10 to 07:05 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ardra spans 66°40′–80°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 76°40′. It leaves at 10:23, for Punarvasu.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 270.3° + 77.9° = 348.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 00:24 Wed, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 21:38 Mon, when the lead reached 162°; Vanija runs until 07:45.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:05 to 07:05 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 30 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 31 Dec, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 1929, 02:02 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 273.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1986; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1851.