Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 17 Oct 1925

Lakshmi Puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Amavasya runs from 23:47 on Fri 16 Oct to 23:35 on Sat 17 Oct, so only Saturday’s pradosha (18:05–20:33) falls within it. Every reading takes that day.

Lakshmi Puja muhurat: pradosha, 18:05–20:33. Within it Vrishabha, a fixed (sthira) lagna, rises in the east from 19:41 to 20:33.

Diwali: every date in Pāthardi

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 23:47 on Fri 16 Oct to 23:35 on Sat 17 Oct, so it holds sunrise only on Sat 17 Oct, at 06:23. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:23 here. Chaturdashi ended at 23:47 Fri, before it. Amavasya ends at 23:35, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 16 Oct ran from sunset 18:06 Fri to sunrise 06:23, 12 h 17 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:23 to 18:05, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:05 to 06:24 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Hasta spans 160°00′–173°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 170°. It leaves at 09:32, for Chitra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 180.3° + 171.6° = 351.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 20:06, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada runs until 11:45, when the lead reaches 354°; Nagava until 23:35.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:23 to 06:24 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 17 Oct, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 1925, 19:32 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 199.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1982; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1847.