Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 14 Apr 1924

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 96°–108° is the 9th, Shukla Navami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:13 here. Ashtami ended at 05:24 Sun, before it. Navami ends at 06:17, when the lead reaches 108°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 4 Apr, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Navami began at 05:24 Sun, before sunrise at 06:13 Sun, and ends at 06:17, after the next sunrise at 06:13. Both days read Navami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sun 13 Apr ran from sunset 18:46 Sun to sunrise 06:13, 11 h 27 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:13 to 18:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:46 to 06:12 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashlesha spans 106°40′–120°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 106°40′. It leaves at 02:44 Tue, for Magha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 1° + 109° = 110°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 23:35, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Navami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 17:56 Sun, when the lead reached 102°; Kaulava runs until 06:17.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:13 to 06:12 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 13 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 May, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Apr, with the Sun in Meena, began Chaitra. This Shukla paksha reads Chaitra in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 4 Apr 1924, 12:47 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 9.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1981; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1846.