Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 26 Jul 1923

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:03 here. Dwadashi ended at 08:47 Wed, before it. Trayodashi ends at 06:50, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 14 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 06:50 and ended at 05:13 Fri, between the sunrises of 06:03 and 06:03 Fri. Thursday reads Trayodashi and Friday reads Purnima: Chaturdashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Wed 25 Jul ran from sunset 19:08 Wed to sunrise 06:03, 10 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:03 to 19:07, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:07 to 06:03 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 253°20′. It leaves at 02:38 Fri, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 99.2° + 254.8° = 354°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 15:43, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 19:46 Wed, when the lead reached 150°; Taitila runs until 06:50.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:03 to 06:03 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 12 Aug, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, began Ashadha. This Shukla paksha reads Ashadha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1923, 18:21 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 126.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1980; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1845.