Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 16 Jan 1922

The Sankashti fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 09:45 on Mon 16 Jan to 06:38 on Tue 17 Jan, so it holds moonrise only on Mon 16 Jan, at 21:16. No text giving Sankashti Chaturthi’s time was found; moonrise is Tithika’s convention.

Sankashti Chaturthi: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 204°–216° is the 18th, Krishna Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:05 here. Dwitiya ended at 13:08 Sun, before it. Tritiya ends at 09:45, when the lead reaches 216°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 13 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturthi began at 09:45 and ended at 06:38 Tue, between the sunrises of 07:05 and 07:05 Tue. Monday reads Tritiya and Tuesday reads Panchami: Chaturthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 15 Jan ran from sunset 18:11 Sun to sunrise 07:05, 12 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:05 to 18:12, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:12 to 07:05 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 126°40′. It leaves at 17:32, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 272.4° + 126.8° = 399.2°, one full turn and 39.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 26°40′–40°00′ is the 3rd, Ayushmana. It ends at 08:14, then Saubhagya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 23:25 Sun, when the lead reached 210°; Vishti runs until 09:45.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:05 to 07:05 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 28 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 28 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 8 Apr 1921, 14:34 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 277.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1978; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1843.