Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 14 Jan 1922

The Sun enters Makara at 22:49 Fri, in the night after sunset (18:10 Fri). The Dharmasindhu then puts the punya kala on the next day: Sat 14 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 180°–192° is the 16th, Krishna Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:05 here. Purnima ended at 20:06 Fri, before it. Pratipada ends at 16:38, when the lead reaches 192°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 13 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 13 Jan ran from sunset 18:10 Fri to sunrise 07:05, 12 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:05 to 18:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:10 to 07:05 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Pushya spans 93°20′–106°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 96°40′. It leaves at 22:52, for Ashlesha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 270.4° + 96.8° = 367.2°, one full turn and 7.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 16:22, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 06:23, when the lead reached 186°; Kaulava runs until 16:38.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:05 to 07:05 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 28 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 28 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 8 Apr 1921, 14:34 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 275.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1978; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1843.