Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 1 Oct 1921

The shraddha for all ancestors is done in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Amavasya runs from 20:53 on Fri 30 Sep to 17:56 on Sat 1 Oct, so only Saturday’s aparahna (13:30–15:54) falls within it. No text giving Sarva Pitru Amavasya’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Sarva Pitru Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 20:53 on Fri 30 Sep to 17:56 on Sat 1 Oct, so it holds sunrise only on Sat 1 Oct, at 06:19. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:19 here. Chaturdashi ended at 20:53 Fri, before it. Amavasya ends at 17:56, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 17 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 30 Sep ran from sunset 18:19 Fri to sunrise 06:19, 12 h 0 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:19 to 18:18, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:18 to 06:19 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Phalguni spans 146°40′–160°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 156°40′. It leaves at 09:42, for Hasta.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 164.5° + 157.9° = 322.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 23:02, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada runs until 07:22, when the lead reaches 354°; Nagava until 17:56.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:19 to 06:19 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 1 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 8 Apr 1921, 14:34 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 169.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1978; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1843.