Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 1 Nov 1920

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:29 here. Chaturthi ended at 09:31 Sun, before it. Panchami ends at 06:52, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 27 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Shashthi began at 06:52 and ended at 04:22 Tue, between the sunrises of 06:29 and 06:30 Tue. Monday reads Panchami and Tuesday reads Saptami: Shashthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 31 Oct ran from sunset 17:56 Sun to sunrise 06:29, 12 h 33 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:29 to 17:55, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:55 to 06:30 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ardra spans 66°40′–80°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 73°20′. It leaves at 14:13, for Punarvasu.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 195.6° + 75.3° = 270.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 266°40′–280°00′ is the 21st, Siddha. It ends at 20:38, then Sadhya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 20:11 Sun, when the lead reached 234°; Taitila runs until 06:52.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:29 to 06:30 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 10 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 10 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 1920, 16:25 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 218.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1977; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1842.