Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 13 Oct 1920

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:22 here. Pratipada ended at 06:18, before it. Dwitiya ends at 06:51 Thu, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 12 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 06:18, before sunrise at 06:22, and ends at 06:51 Thu, after the next sunrise at 06:23 Thu. Both days read Dwitiya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Tue 12 Oct ran from sunset 18:08 Tue to sunrise 06:22, 12 h 14 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:22 to 18:08, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:08 to 06:23 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 186°40′. It leaves at 03:43 Thu, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 176.6° + 188.7° = 365.3°, one full turn and 5.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 20:22, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 18:30, when the lead reaches 18°; Kaulava until 06:51 Thu.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:22 to 06:23 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 10 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 12 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 1920, 16:25 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 199.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1977; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1842.