Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 31 Oct 1910

The abhyanga bath is taken in arunodaya, the 96 minutes before sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 02:49 on Mon 31 Oct, before that morning’s arunodaya, and ended at 04:58 on Tue 1 Nov, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the morning Chaturdashi fills: Mon 31 Oct. No text giving Narak Chaturdashi’s time was found; arunodaya is Tithika’s convention.

Narak Chaturdashi: every date in Pāthardi

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 02:49 on Mon 31 Oct to 04:58 on Tue 1 Nov, so only Monday night’s nishitha (23:47–00:38 Tue) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:28 here. Trayodashi ended at 02:49, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 04:58 Tue, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 18 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 30 Oct ran from sunset 17:57 Sun to sunrise 06:28, 12 h 31 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:28 to 17:56, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:56 to 06:29 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Hasta spans 160°00′–173°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 170°. It leaves at 09:30, for Chitra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 194.1° + 171.8° = 365.9°, one full turn and 5.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 20:06, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti runs until 15:51, when the lead reaches 342°; Shakuni until 04:58 Tue.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:28 to 06:29 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 2 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 1910, 02:54 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 197.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1967; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1832.