Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 14 Aug 1909

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 03:13 on Sat 14 Aug to 04:07 on Sun 15 Aug, so only Saturday night’s nishitha (00:11 Sun–00:56 Sun) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:09 here. Trayodashi ended at 03:13, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 04:07 Sun, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 13 Aug ran from sunset 18:58 Fri to sunrise 06:09, 11 h 11 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:09 to 18:58, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:58 to 06:09 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Pushya spans 93°20′–106°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 93°20′. It leaves at 03:45 Sun, for Ashlesha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 118° + 95.4° = 213.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 05:49 Sun, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti runs until 15:37, when the lead reaches 342°; Shakuni until 04:07 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:09 to 06:09 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Jul 16:14 Sat to 16 Aug 05:24 Mon the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 16 Aug 08:35 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) here, and Shravana (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 1909, 01:41 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 140° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1966; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1831.