Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 8 Aug 1909

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 252°–264° is the 22nd, Krishna Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:07 here. Shashthi ended at 08:46 Sat, before it. Saptami ends at 06:35, when the lead reaches 264°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Ashtami began at 06:35 and ended at 04:51 Mon, between the sunrises of 06:07 and 06:07 Mon. Sunday reads Saptami and Monday reads Navami: Ashtami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 7 Aug ran from sunset 19:02 Sat to sunrise 06:07, 11 h 5 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:07 to 19:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:01 to 06:07 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Bharani spans 13°20′–26°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 13°20′. It leaves at 00:34 Mon, for Krittika.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 112.2° + 16° = 128.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 14:23, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Vishti and the second Bava. Vishti ended at 19:37 Sat, when the lead reached 258°; Bava runs until 06:35.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:07 to 06:07 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Jul 16:14 Sat to 16 Aug 05:24 Mon the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 16 Aug 08:35 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) here, and Shravana (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 1909, 01:41 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 134.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1966; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1831.