Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 4 Aug 1909

The Sankashti fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 17:26 on Wed 4 Aug to 14:17 on Thu 5 Aug, so it holds moonrise only on Wed 4 Aug, at 21:22. No text giving Sankashti Chaturthi’s time was found; moonrise is Tithika’s convention.

Sankashti Chaturthi: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 204°–216° is the 18th, Krishna Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:06 here. Dwitiya ended at 20:39 Tue, before it. Tritiya ends at 17:26, when the lead reaches 216°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Tue 3 Aug ran from sunset 19:04 Tue to sunrise 06:06, 11 h 2 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:06 to 19:03, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:03 to 06:06 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shatabhisha spans 306°40′–320°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 316°40′. It leaves at 09:35, for Purva Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 108.4° + 317.8° = 426.2°, one full turn and 66.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 06:46, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija runs until 07:02, when the lead reaches 210°; Vishti until 17:26.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:06 to 06:06 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Jul 16:14 Sat to 16 Aug 05:24 Mon the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 16 Aug 08:35 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) here, and Shravana (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 1909, 01:41 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 130.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1966; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1831.